Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen peroxide
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen peroxide
Ifomula yeekhemikhali zehydrogen peroxide yiH2O2, eyaziwa njengehydrogen peroxide.Imbonakalo yolwelo olungenambala olungenambala, luyi-oxidant eyomeleleyo, isisombululo sayo samanzi sifanelekile kwi-disinfection yenxeba lonyango kunye ne-disinfection yokusingqongileyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokutya.Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, iya kubola ibe ngamanzi kunye neoksijini, kodwa izinga lokubola licotha kakhulu, kwaye isantya sokusabela sikhawuleziswa ngokongeza i-catalyst-i-manganese dioxide okanye i-short-wave radiation.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
Umxube omanzi lulwelo olungenambala olucacileyo, olunyibilika emanzini, etywaleni, eether, kwaye olunganyibilikiyo kwibenzene kunye nepetroleum ether.
I-hydrogen peroxide ecocekileyo i-blue blue viscous liquid kunye ne-melting point -0.43 ° C kunye neqondo lokubilisa lika-150.2 ° C. I-hydrogen peroxide ecocekileyo iya kutshintsha ukucwangciswa kwayo kwe-molecular, ngoko ke indawo yokunyibilika iya kutshintsha.Uxinaniso oluqinileyo kwindawo yokukhenkceza lwaluyi-1.71 g/, kwaye ukuxinana kwehla njengoko ubushushu bonyuka.Inedigri enkulu yonxulumano kune-H2O, ngoko ke i-dielectric yayo engaguqukiyo kunye neqondo lokubila liphezulu kunamanzi.I-hydrogen peroxide ecocekileyo izinzile, kwaye ichithwa ngamandla emanzini kunye ne-oxygen xa ishushu kwi-153 ° C. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho bhondi ye-hydrogen ye-intermolecular kwi-hydrogen peroxide.
Iperoksayidi yeHydrojeni inefuthe elinamandla le-oxidation kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-agent e-oxidizing.
Iimpawu zeMichiza
1. I-Oxidative
(Inkokeli emhlophe kwipeyinti yeoli [isiseko sekhabhonithi] iya kusabela ngehydrogen sulfide emoyeni ukuze yenze i-black lead sulfide, enokuhlanjwa ngehydrogen peroxide)
(ifuna i-alkaline medium)
2. Ukunciphisa
3. Kwi-10 ml yesisombululo sesampula se-10%, yongeza i-5 ml ye-dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) kunye ne-1 ml yesisombululo sovavanyo lwe-potassium permanganate (TS-193).
Kufuneka kubekho amaqamza kwaye umbala we-potassium permanganate uyanyamalala.I-acidic kwi-litmus.Kwimeko ye-organic matter, iyaqhushumba.
4. Thatha i-1 g yesampuli (echanekileyo kwi-0.1 mg) kwaye uhlambulule kwi-250.0 ml ngamanzi.I-25 ml yesi sisombululo ithathwe, kwaye i-10 ml ye-dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) yongezwa, ilandelwa yi-titration kunye ne-0.1 mol / L ye-potassium permanganate.0.1 mol / L nge ml.I-Potassium permanganate ihambelana ne-1.70 mg ye-hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).
5. Kwimeko yezinto eziphilayo, ukushisa, ukukhululwa kwe-oksijini kunye namanzi, kwimeko ye-chromic acid, i-potassium permanganate, i-metal powder iphendule ngamandla.Ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola, ulandelelwano lomkhondo we-stabilizer efana ne-sodium stannate, i-sodium pyrophosphate okanye izinto ezinjalo zingongezwa.
6. I-hydrogen peroxide yi-asidi ebuthakathaka kakhulu: H2O2 = (ibuyiselwa umva) = H ++HO2- (Ka = 2.4 x 10-12).Ngoko ke, i-peroxide yesinyithi ingathathwa njengetyuwa.
Injongo ephambili
Ukusetyenziswa kweperoxide yehidrojeni yahlulwe ngokwezonyango, emkhosini namashishini.I-disinfection yemihla ngemihla yi-hydrogen peroxide yonyango.I-hydrogen peroxide yonyango inokubulala iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic zamathumbu, i-pyogenic cocci, kunye ne-pathogenic yeast, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekubulaleni iintsholongwane kumphezulu wezinto.I-hydrogen peroxide inempembelelo ye-oxidation, kodwa i-concentration ye-hydrogen peroxide yonyango ilingana okanye ingaphantsi kwe-3%.Xa isosulwa kwindawo yesilonda, iya kutshisa, i-surface iya kuba yi-oxidized ibe mhlophe kunye ne-bubble, kwaye inokuhlanjwa ngamanzi.Emva kwemizuzu emi-3-5 Buyisela ithoni yesikhumba sokuqala.
Ishishini lemichiza lisetyenziswa njengento ekrwada yokuvelisa i-sodium perborate, i-sodium percarbonate, i-peracetic acid, i-sodium chlorite, i-thiourea peroxide, njl., ii-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-tartaric acid kunye neevithamini.Ishishini lamachiza lisetyenziswa njenge-bactericide, i-disinfectant, kunye ne-oxidant yokuvelisa i-thiram kunye ne-40 ilitha ye-antibacterial agents.Umzi-mveliso wokuprinta kunye nokudaya usetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuthambisa amalaphu ekotoni kunye ne-ejenti yokufaka imibala yokudaya i-vat.Ukususwa kwesinyithi kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezinzima xa zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweetyuwa zetsimbi okanye ezinye iikhompawundi.Kwakhona kusetyenziswe kwiibhafu ze-electroplating ukususa ukungcola kwe-inorganic kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weendawo ezicwengiweyo.Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-bleaching yewulu, isilika ekrwada, iimpondo zendlovu, i-pulp, amafutha, njl njl. Ugxininiso oluphezulu lwe-hydrogen peroxide lunokusetyenziswa njengamafutha ombane we-rocket.
Usetyenziso lwasekuhlaleni: ukujongana nevumba lomjelo wasekhitshini ohambisa amanzi amdaka, kwikhemesti ukuthenga iperoxide yehydrogen kunye namanzi kunye nomgubo wokuvasa kumjelo wogutyulo unokukhutshwa iintsholongwane, ukubulawa kweentsholongwane, ukubulawa iintsholongwane;
I-3% ye-hydrogen peroxide (ibakala lezonyango) lokubulala iintsholongwane kwinxeba.
Umthetho wemizi-mveliso
Indlela yokuvelisa i-alkaline hydrogen peroxide: i-electrode yomoya ene-krypton yokuvelisa i-alkaline peroxide ye-hydrogen, ebonakaliswe ngokuba iperi ye-electrode nganye yenziwe ngepleyiti ye-anode, i-mesh yeplastiki, inwebu ye-cation kunye ne-cathode yomoya ene-helium, phezulu. kunye neziphelo ezisezantsi zendawo yokusebenza ye-electrode.Kukho igumbi lokuhambisa lokungena kulwelo kunye negumbi lokuqokelelwa kokukhupha ulwelo, kwaye i-orifice icwangciswe kwindawo yokungena ulwelo, kwaye i-electrode enezinto ezininzi ithatha indlela yoqhagamshelo lwe-dipole elinganiselweyo yokwandisa ukuthamba kweplastiki ye-anode ejikelezayo. indawo yokungena kunye ne-alkali yamanzi.Emva kokuba ityhubhu ixhunywe kwi-liquid collection manifold, iqela le-electrode ye-multi-component lihlanganiswe yiyunithi yeplate.
Indlela ye-phosphoric acid neutralization: ibonakala ngokuba ilungiswe kwisisombululo seperoxide yesodium enamanzi ngala manyathelo alandelayo:
(1) Isisombululo samanzi se-sodium peroxide singathathi hlangothi kwi-pH ye-9.0 ukuya kwi-9.7 kunye ne-phosphoric acid okanye i-sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 ukwenza isisombululo samanzi se-Na2HPO4 kunye ne-H2O2.
(2) Isisombululo samanzi se-Na2HPO4 kunye ne-H2O2 sipholile kwi-+5 ukuya ku-5 °C ukwenzela ukuba ininzi ye-Na2HPO4 iqhutywe njenge-Na2HPO4•10H2O hydrate.
3
(4) Isisombululo samanzi esinexabiso elincinci le-Na2HPO4 kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide yatshitshiswa kwi-evaporator ukuze ifumane umphunga oqukethe i-H2O2 kunye ne-H2O, kunye nesisombululo setyuwa esixubileyo se-Na2HPO4 esiqulethe i-hydrogen peroxide sakhutshwa phantsi sabuyela kwi-tank neutralization. .
(5) I-steam equkethe i-H2O2 kunye ne-H2O iphantsi kwe-distillation ye-fractional phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo lokufumana malunga ne-30% ye-H2O2 yemveliso.
Indlela ye-Electrolytic sulfuric acid: electrolyzed 60% sulfuric acid ukufumana i-peroxodisulfuric acid, kwaye emva koko i-hydrolyzed ukufumana i-concentration ye-95% ye-hydrogen peroxide.
I-2-Ethyl indlela ye-oxime: Indlela ephambili yemveliso ye-industrial scale yi-2-ethyl oxime (EAQ) indlela.I-2-ethyl hydrazine kwiqondo lokushisa elithile.
Amandla adibana ne-hydrogen phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukwenza i-2-ethylhydroquinone, kunye ne-2-ethylhydroquinone ivelisa i-oksijini nge-oksijini kubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo.
Ukusabela kokunciphisa, i-2-ethylhydroquinone iyancitshiswa ukuba yenze i-2-ethyl hydrazine kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide yenziwe.Emva kokutsalwa, kufunyanwa isisombululo sehydrogen peroxide enamanzi, size ekugqibeleni sicocwe ngehydrocarbon enuka kamnandi ukuze kufumaneke isisombululo sehydrogen peroxide enamanzi, nesaziwa ngokuba yihydrogen peroxide.Uninzi lwale nkqubo lusetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-27.5% ye-hydrogen peroxide, kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu se-hydrogen peroxide yamanzi (esifana ne-35%, i-50% ye-hydrogen peroxide) inokufumaneka ngokuxutywa kwe-distillation.
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