Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen peroxide
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen peroxide
Ifomula yeekhemikhali zehydrogen peroxide yiH2O2, eyaziwa njengehydrogen peroxide. Imbonakalo yolwelo olungenambala olungenambala, luyi-oxidant eyomeleleyo, isisombululo sayo samanzi sifanelekile kwi-disinfection yenxeba lonyango kunye ne-disinfection yokusingqongileyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokutya. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, iya kubola ibe ngamanzi kunye neoksijini, kodwa izinga lokubola licotha kakhulu, kwaye isantya sokusabela sikhawuleziswa ngokongeza i-catalyst-i-manganese dioxide okanye i-short-wave radiation.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
Umxube omanzi lulwelo olungenambala olucacileyo, olunyibilika emanzini, etywaleni, eether, kwaye olunganyibilikiyo kwibenzene kunye nepetroleum ether.
I-hydrogen peroxide ecocekileyo i-blue blue viscous liquid kunye ne-melting point -0.43 ° C kunye neqondo lokubilisa lika-150.2 ° C. I-hydrogen peroxide ecocekileyo iya kutshintsha ukucwangciswa kwayo kwe-molecular, ngoko ke indawo yokunyibilika iya kutshintsha. Uxinaniso oluqinileyo kwindawo yokukhenkceza lwaluyi-1.71 g/, kwaye ukuxinana kwehla njengoko ubushushu bonyuka. Inedigri enkulu yonxulumano kune-H2O, ngoko ke i-dielectric yayo engaguqukiyo kunye neqondo lokubila liphezulu kunamanzi. I-hydrogen peroxide ecocekileyo izinzile, kwaye ichithwa ngamandla emanzini kunye ne-oxygen xa ishushu kwi-153 ° C. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho bhondi ye-hydrogen ye-intermolecular kwi-hydrogen peroxide.
Iperoksayidi yeHydrojeni inefuthe elinamandla le-oxidation kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-agent e-oxidizing.
Iimpawu zeMichiza
1. I-Oxidative
(Inkokeli emhlophe kwipeyinti yeoli [isiseko sekhabhonithi] iya kusabela ngehydrogen sulfide emoyeni ukuze yenze i-black lead sulfide, enokuhlanjwa ngehydrogen peroxide)
(ifuna i-alkaline medium)
2. Ukunciphisa
3. Kwi-10 ml yesisombululo sesampula se-10%, yongeza i-5 ml ye-dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) kunye ne-1 ml yesisombululo sovavanyo lwe-potassium permanganate (TS-193).
Kufuneka kubekho amaqamza kwaye umbala we-potassium permanganate uyanyamalala. I-acidic kwi-litmus. Kwimeko yezinto eziphilayo, iyaqhuma.
4. Thatha i-1 g yesampuli (echanekileyo kwi-0.1 mg) kwaye uhlambulule kwi-250.0 ml ngamanzi. I-25 ml yesi sisombululo ithathwe, kwaye i-10 ml ye-dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) yongezwa, ilandelwa yi-titration kunye ne-0.1 mol / L ye-potassium permanganate. 0.1 mol / L nge ml. I-Potassium permanganate ihambelana ne-1.70 mg ye-hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).
5. Kwimeko yezinto eziphilayo, ukushisa, ukukhululwa kwe-oksijini kunye namanzi, kwimeko ye-chromic acid, i-potassium permanganate, i-metal powder iphendule ngobudlova. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola, umkhondo we-stabilizer efana ne-sodium stannate, i-sodium pyrophosphate okanye ezinye izinto ezinjalo zingongezwa.
6. I-hydrogen peroxide yi-asidi ebuthakathaka kakhulu: H2O2 = (ibuyiselwa umva) = H ++HO2- (Ka = 2.4 x 10-12). Ngoko ke, i-peroxide yesinyithi ingathathwa njengetyuwa.
Injongo ephambili
Ukusetyenziswa kweperoxide yehidrojeni yahlulwe ngokwezonyango, emkhosini nakwimizi-mveliso. I-disinfection yemihla ngemihla yi-hydrogen peroxide yonyango. I-hydrogen peroxide yonyango inokubulala iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic zamathumbu, i-pyogenic cocci, kunye ne-pathogenic yeast, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekubulaleni iintsholongwane kumphezulu wezinto. I-hydrogen peroxide inempembelelo ye-oxidation, kodwa i-concentration ye-hydrogen peroxide yonyango ilingana okanye ingaphantsi kwe-3%. Xa isosulwa kwindawo yesilonda, iya kutshisa, i-surface iya kuba yi-oxidized ibe mhlophe kunye ne-bubble, kwaye inokuhlanjwa ngamanzi. Emva kwemizuzu emi-3-5 Buyisela ithoni yesikhumba sokuqala.
Ishishini lemichiza lisetyenziswa njengento ekrwada yokuvelisa i-sodium perborate, i-sodium percarbonate, i-peracetic acid, i-sodium chlorite, i-thiourea peroxide, njl., ii-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-tartaric acid kunye neevithamini. Ishishini lamachiza lisetyenziswa njenge-bactericide, i-disinfectant, kunye ne-oxidant yokuvelisa i-thiram kunye ne-40 ilitha ye-antibacterial agents. Umzi-mveliso wokuprinta kunye nokudaya usetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuthambisa amalaphu ekotoni kunye ne-ejenti yokufaka imibala yokudaya i-vat. Ukususwa kwesinyithi kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezinzima xa zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweetyuwa zetsimbi okanye ezinye iikhompawundi. Kwakhona kusetyenziswe kwiibhafu ze-electroplating ukususa ukungcola kwe-inorganic kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weendawo ezicwengiweyo. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-bleaching yewulu, isilika ekrwada, iimpondo zendlovu, i-pulp, amafutha, njl njl. Ugxininiso oluphezulu lwe-hydrogen peroxide lunokusetyenziswa njengamafutha ombane we-rocket.
Usetyenziso lwasekuhlaleni: ukujongana nevumba lomjelo wasekhitshini ohambisa amanzi amdaka, kwikhemesti ukuthenga iperoxide yehydrogen kunye namanzi kunye nomgubo wokuvasa kumjelo wogutyulo unokukhutshwa iintsholongwane, ukubulawa kweentsholongwane, ukubulawa iintsholongwane;
I-3% ye-hydrogen peroxide (ibakala lezonyango) lokubulala iintsholongwane kwinxeba.
Umthetho wemizi-mveliso
Indlela yokuvelisa i-alkaline hydrogen peroxide: i-electrode yomoya ene-krypton yokuvelisa i-alkaline peroxide yehydrogen, ebonakaliswe ngokuba iperi ye-electrode nganye yenziwe ngepleyiti ye-anode, i-mesh yeplastiki, inwebu ye-cation kunye ne-helium-equlethe i-cathode yomoya, phezulu. kunye neziphelo ezisezantsi zendawo yokusebenza ye-electrode. Kukho igumbi lokuhambisa lokungena kulwelo kunye negumbi lokuqokelelwa kokukhupha ulwelo, kwaye i-orifice icwangciswe kwindawo yokungena ulwelo, kwaye i-electrode enezinto ezininzi ithatha indlela yoqhagamshelo lwe-dipole elinganiselweyo yokwandisa ukuthamba kweplastiki ye-anode ejikelezayo. indawo yokungena kunye ne-alkali yamanzi. Emva kokuba ityhubhu ixhunywe kwi-liquid collection manifold, iqela le-electrode ye-multi-component lihlanganiswe yiyunithi yeplate.
Indlela ye-phosphoric acid neutralization: ibonakala ngokuba ilungiswe kwisisombululo seperoxide yesodium enamanzi ngala manyathelo alandelayo:
(1) Isisombululo samanzi se-sodium peroxide singathathi hlangothi kwi-pH ye-9.0 ukuya kwi-9.7 kunye ne-phosphoric acid okanye i-sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 ukwenza isisombululo samanzi se-Na2HPO4 kunye ne-H2O2.
(2) Isisombululo samanzi se-Na2HPO4 kunye ne-H2O2 sipholile kwi-+5 ukuya ku-5 °C ukwenzela ukuba ininzi ye-Na2HPO4 iqhutywe njenge-Na2HPO4•10H2O hydrate.
3
(4) Isisombululo samanzi esinexabiso elincinci le-Na2HPO4 kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide yatshitshiswa kwi-evaporator ukuze ifumane umphunga oqukethe i-H2O2 kunye ne-H2O, kunye nesisombululo setyuwa esixubileyo se-Na2HPO4 esiqulethe i-hydrogen peroxide sakhutshwa phantsi sabuyela kwi-tank neutralization. .
(5) I-steam equkethe i-H2O2 kunye ne-H2O iphantsi kwe-distillation ye-fractional phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo lokufumana malunga ne-30% ye-H2O2 yemveliso.
Indlela ye-Electrolytic sulfuric acid: electrolyzed 60% sulfuric acid ukufumana i-peroxodisulfuric acid, kwaye emva koko i-hydrolyzed ukufumana i-concentration ye-95% ye-hydrogen peroxide.
I-2-Ethyl indlela ye-oxime: Indlela ephambili yemveliso ye-industrial scale yi-2-ethyl oxime (EAQ) indlela. I-2-ethyl hydrazine kwiqondo lokushisa elithile.
Amandla adibana ne-hydrogen phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukwenza i-2-ethylhydroquinone, kunye ne-2-ethylhydroquinone ivelisa i-oksijini nge-oksijini kubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo.
Ukusabela kokunciphisa, i-2-ethylhydroquinone iyancitshiswa ukuba yenze i-2-ethyl hydrazine kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide yenziwe. Emva kokutsalwa, kufunyanwa isisombululo sehydrogen peroxide enamanzi, size ekugqibeleni sicocwe ngehydrocarbon enuka kamnandi ukuze kufumaneke isisombululo sehydrogen peroxide enamanzi, nesaziwa ngokuba yihydrogen peroxide. Uninzi lwale nkqubo lusetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-27.5% ye-hydrogen peroxide, kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu se-hydrogen peroxide yamanzi (esifana ne-35%, i-50% ye-hydrogen peroxide) inokufumaneka ngokuxutywa kwe-distillation.
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