Ngomhla we-11 kaJulayi, iNtlanganiso yokuTshintshiselana kwe-Sino yase-US kwiZibaso zoThutho ezicocekileyo kunye noThintelo loNgcoliseko loMoya lwabanjwa eBeijing. Kwintlanganiso, iingcali ezifanelekileyo ezivela kwishishini le-biofuel yase-US kunye neengcali zokukhuselwa kwendalo zaseTshayina zabelana ngamava abo kwizihloko ezifana nokuthintela nokulawula ukungcola komoya, kunye namava okunyusa i-ethanol petroli yase-US.
UChai Fahe, owayesakuba ngusekela mongameli weZiko laseTshayina lezeNzululwazi ngokusiNgqongileyo, wathi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindawo ezininzi eTshayina bezisoloko zichanabeke kungcoliseko lwenkungu. Ngokwengingqi, iBeijing Tianjin Hebei ingoyena mmandla unongcoliseko lomoya.
U-Liu Yongchun, umphandi onxulumene ne-Ecological Environment Research Centre ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences, wathi kwinkqubo yokuhlalutya oonobangela bongcoliseko lomoya e-China, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iimpawu zongcoliseko ngamnye kulula ukufikelela kumgangatho. kodwa izalathi ze-particulate matter bekunzima ukuzilawula. Izizathu ezibanzi zazinzima, kwaye iinqununu ezenziwe ngokuguqulwa kwesibini kwezinto ezingcolileyo ezihlukeneyo zidlala indima enkulu ekubunjweni kwenkungu.
Okwangoku, ukukhutshwa kwemoto kuye kwaba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokungcola komoya wengingqi, kubandakanywa i-carbon monoxide, i-hydrocarbons kunye ne-nitrogen oxides, i-PM (i-particulate matter, i-soot) kunye nezinye iigesi eziyingozi. Ukukhutshwa kwezingcolisi kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nomgangatho wamafutha.
Ngeminyaka yee-1950, iziganeko ze-"photochemical smog" eLos Angeles nakwezinye iindawo e-United States zakhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekubhengezweni kwe-United States Federal Clean Air Act. Kwangaxeshanye, iUnited States yenza isindululo sokukhuthaza ipetroli ethanol. UMthetho woMoya ococekileyo waba sisenzo sokuqala sokukhuthaza i-ethanol petroli e-United States, inikezela ngesiseko esisemthethweni sokuphuhliswa kwe-biofuel ethanol. Kwi-1979, i-United States yaseka "iSicwangciso soPhuhliso lwe-Ethanol" yorhulumente wesigqeba, kwaye yaqala ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha adibeneyo aqukethe i-ethanol eyi-10%.
I-Ethanol ye-Biofuel yeyona nombolo igqwesileyo ye-octane engeyotyhefu ephuculweyo kunye ne-oxygenator eyongezwe kwipetroli. Xa kuthelekiswa nepetroli eqhelekileyo, i-E10 i-ethanol petroli (i-petroli equlethe i-10% ye-biofuel ethanol) inokunciphisa i-PM2.5 ngaphezu kwe-40% iyonke. Ukuhlolwa kokusingqongileyo okwenziwa lisebe lesizwe lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwimimandla apho i-ethanol petroli ikhuthazwa khona ibonisa ukuba i-ethanol petroli inokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon monoxide, i-hydrocarbons, i-particulates kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi kwi-exhaust yemoto.
Ingxelo yophando "I-Impact ye-Ethanol Gasoline kuMgangatho woMoya" ekhutshwe kwiNkomfa yeSizwe ye-Ethanol yeSihlanu iphinde yabonisa ukuba i-ethanol inokunciphisa i-PM2.5 ephambili kwi-exhaust yemoto. Ukongeza i-10% ye-ethanol yepetroli kwipetroli eqhelekileyo kwiimoto eziqhelekileyo kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezithile ngama-36%, ngelixa kwiimoto ezikhutshwa kakhulu, kunokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ngama-64.6%. Iikhompawundi eziphilayo kwi-PM2.5 yesibini zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kumxholo we-aromatics kwi-petroli. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethanol ukutshintsha i-aromatics kwipetroli kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-PM2.5 yesibini.
Ukongeza, ipetroli ye-ethanol inokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko okuyityhefu okufana nediphozithi kwigumbi lokutsha leenjini zemoto kunye nebenzene, kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kweziguquli zemoto ezikhuphayo.
Kwi-biofuel ethanol, ilizwe langaphandle likwanexhala lokuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kunokuba nefuthe kumaxabiso okutya. Nangona kunjalo, uJames Miller, owayesakuba nguSekela Nobhala weSebe lezaMandla e-US kunye noSihlalo weNkampani yeeNgcebiso zezoLimo kunye ne-Biofuel, oye waya kwintlanganiso, wathi iBhanki yehlabathi nayo yabhala iphepha kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Bathi amaxabiso okutya eneneni achatshazelwa ngamaxabiso e-oyile, hayi nge-biofuels. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-bioethanol akuyi kuchaphazela kakhulu ixabiso lezinto zokutya.
Okwangoku, i-ethanol petroli esetyenziswa e-China yenziwe nge-90% yepetroli eqhelekileyo kunye ne-10% ye-ethanol yamafutha. I-China ikhuthaze i-ethanol yamafutha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukususela ngo-2002. Ngeli xesha, i-China ivume amashishini e-ethanol asixhenxe ukuba avelise i-ethanol yamafutha, kwaye aqhube umqhubi wokukhuthazwa komsebenzi ovaliweyo kwimimandla ye-11, kuquka i-Heilongjiang, i-Liaoning, i-Anhui ne-Shandong. Ukususela ngo-2016, i-China ivelise malunga ne-21.7 yeetoni ze-fuel ethanol kunye ne-25.51 yezigidi zeetoni ze-carbon dioxide elinganayo.
Inani leemoto e-Beijing Tianjin Hebei kunye neendawo ezijikelezileyo malunga nezigidi ezingama-60, kodwa ummandla waseBeijing Tianjin Hebei awuzange ufakwe kwi-fuel ethanol pilot.
U-Wu Ye, usekela-mongameli weSikole sokuSingqongileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseTsinghua, uthe ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ye-ethanol ngefomula efanelekileyo akuzange kukhokelele ekunyukeni okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla; Kwimiqulu eyahlukeneyo yepetroli, ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko kwahlukile, kuyanda kwaye kuyancipha. Ukukhuthazwa kwepetroli ye-ethanol enengqiqo kwingingqi yaseBeijing Tianjin Hebei kunesiphumo esihle sokuphucula ekunciphiseni i-PM2.5. Ipetroli ye-Ethanol isenakho ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho wesizwe we-6 kwiimodeli zezithuthi zolawulo olusebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-26-2022