Ngokutsho kwengxelo kwiwebhusayithi ye-US "Iveki yoShishino" kaJanuwari 6, kuba ukuveliswa kwe-biofuels akubizi nje kuphela, kodwa kuzisa umonakalo wendalo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya.
Ngokweengxelo, ngo-2007, iUnited States yawisa umthetho wokuba ivelise iilitha ezisisi-9 seebhiliyoni zepetroli edityanisiweyo ngo-2008, yaye eli nani liza kunyuka liye kutsho kwiilitha ezingama-36 eebhiliyoni ngo-2022. Ngo-2013, i-EPA yafuna ukuba iinkampani ezivelisa amafutha zongeze iilitha ezili-14 zeebhiliyoni. i-ethanol yombona kunye ne-2.75 yeebhiliyoni zeegaloni ze-biofuels eziphuculweyo eziveliswe ngamaplanga kunye nombona. amakhoba. Ngo-2009, i-European Union iphinde yabeka phambili ekujoliswe kuyo: ngo-2020, i-ethanol kufuneka iphendule i-10% ye-fuel yokuthutha iyonke. Nangona ixabiso lokuvelisa i-ethanol liphezulu, i-crux yengxaki ayikho, kuba le migaqo-nkqubo e-United States naseYurophu ayincedi ukucombulula ubuhlwempu kunye neengxaki zendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethanol kwihlabathi jikelele kunyuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu kwisithuba esingaphezu kweminyaka elishumi ukusukela kwinkulungwane yama-21, kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya kwihlabathi jikelele kube nefuthe elibi kubantu abahluphekayo.
Ukongeza, ukuveliswa kwe-biofuels akufanelekanga ingozi ekukhuselweni kwendalo. Inkqubo ukusuka ekukhuleni kwezityalo ukuya ekuveliseni i-ethanol ifuna amandla amaninzi. Maxa wambi amahlathi ayatshiswa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zomhlaba wezityalo. Ukuphendula kwezi ngxaki ngokuveliswa kwe-biofuels, zombini i-European Union kunye ne-United States ziye zathoba iinjongo zazo zokuvelisa i-ethanol. NgoSeptemba 2013, iPalamente yaseYurophu ivotele ukunciphisa injongo ekulindelekileyo ye-2020 ukusuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-6%, ivoti eya kulibazisa lo mthetho kude kube ngu-2015. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US nayo yanciphisa i-2014 ekujoliswe kuyo yokuvelisa i-biofuel kancane.
Ngokufanayo, imboni ye-ethanol ye-biofuel yasekhaya nayo idibene nemeko ehlazo. Ngaphambili, ukuze kulungiswe ingxaki yeenkozo eziguga, urhulumente wavuma ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ze-4 zokuvelisa i-ethanol yokuvelisa i-fuel ethanol ngexesha le "Isicwangciso Seminyaka emihlanu": iJilin Fuel Ethanol Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang China Resources Alcohol Co. , Ltd., i-Henan Tianguan Fuel Group kunye ne-Anhui Fengyuan Fuel Alcohol Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd. Ngaphantsi kwesikhokelo se umgaqo-nkqubo, isixa esikhulu somthamo wemveliso saqaliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ekupheleni kuka-2005, i-1.02 yezigidi zeetoni zomthamo wokuvelisa i-ethanol ezicwangcisiweyo zaza zakhiwa ngamashishini amane akhankanywe ngasentla sele efikelele kwimveliso.
Nangona kunjalo, imodeli yokuqala yokuphuhlisa i-ethanol ye-biofuel ngokuthembela kumbona njengento ekrwada ibonakale ingasebenzi. Emva kweminyaka eliqela yokugaywa okunzulu, unikezelo lwasekhaya lweenkozo ezindala lufikelele kumda walo, alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yezinto ezikrwada ze-ethanol yamafutha. Amanye amashishini ade asebenzise ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yeenkozo ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imiba yokhuseleko lokutya iya isanda, isimo sengqondo sikarhulumente malunga nokusetyenziswa kombona ukwenza i-ethanol yamafutha nawo atshintshe kakhulu.
Ngokwengxelo ekhutshwe liZiko loPhando loShishino olulindelekileyo, ngowama-2006, urhulumente wenze isindululo sokuba “kugxilwe ikakhulu ekungatyini kwaye kukhuthazwe kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe kukhuthaze uphuhliso loshishino lwe-biofuel ethanol”, emva koko wawabuyisela amandla okuvunywa kwawo onke amafutha- iiprojekthi ezixhomekeke kurhulumente omkhulu; ukusuka ku-2007 ukuya ku-2010, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe amaxesha amathathu Kufuneka ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo iprojekthi yokulungisa umbona. Kwangaxeshanye, izibonelelo zikarhulumente ezifunyenwe ziinkampani ezimelwe yiCOFCO Biochemical ziye zancipha. Ngo-2010, umgangatho wenkxaso-mali oguquguqukayo we-biofuel ethanol kumashishini atyunjiweyo kwiPhondo lase-Anhui elixhaswe yiCOFCO Biochemical yayiyi-1,659 yuan/toni, nayo yayingaphantsi kwe-396 yuan kune-2,055 ye-yuan ngo-2009. Inkxaso-mali ye-ethanol yamafutha yayingaphantsi kwe-20. Kwi-fuel ethanol eyenziwe ngombona, inkampani ifumene i-subsidy ye-500 yuan ngetoni; i-ethanol yamafutha eyenziwe kwizityalo ezingezizo iinkozo ezifana necassava, ifumene inkxaso-mali ye-750 yuan ngetoni nganye. Ukongeza, ukusukela ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari wama-2015, urhulumente uya kuyirhoxisa iRhafu kuqala aze abuyisele umgaqo-nkqubo wokubuyisela amashishini amiselweyo e-ethanol yamafutha e-denatured, kwangaxeshanye, i-ethanol edityanisiweyo ye-fuel eveliswa ngokusebenzisa iinkozo njengemathiriyeli ekrwada ukulungiselela ukulungiswa. yepetroli ye-ethanol yezithuthi iya kuqalisa kwakhona umrhumo we-5%. irhafu yokusetyenziswa.
Ukujongana neengxaki zokukhuphisana nabantu ngokutya kunye nomhlaba ngokutya, indawo yokuphuhliswa kwe-bioethanol kwilizwe lam iya kunqunyulwa kwixesha elizayo, kwaye inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo iya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye amashishini okuvelisa i-biofuel ethanol aya kujongana noxinzelelo lweendleko ezikhulayo. Kwiinkampani ze-ethanol zamafutha eziqhelile ukuthembela kwinkxaso-mali ukuze ziphile, amathuba ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-30-2022